So despite being the most popular access modifier in a test environment, the public should be used carefully in production code. Think twice before making variables public in Java. That’s why it's better to prefer the getter and setter method over public fields. It's not good practice as well to make fields of a class public because it goes against encapsulation and exposing the internals of class removes any chance of improving internal details with better performance alternatives. So always put extra care while designing public API means making your class, method, or variable public in Java. Since the public modifier offers the least amount of encapsulation it's difficult to change, any publicly exposed API is hard to change without breaking its client. You can apply public modifiers into variables, methods, and both top-level and inner classes in Java. ![]() ![]() The public is the most common and least restrictive access modifier in Java.
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